Why am I so confused with the Translation Terminology?

The translation industry is really huge and involves quite a lot of fields, it leads to many technical and confusing terms. The most common are:

Copy writing or transcreation:  While transcreators strive to actually copy write into a target language, the primary responsibility of a translator is to accurately translate the source content into a target language. Transcreation refers to the process of adapting a message from one language to another, while maintaining its intent, style, tone and context. A successfully transcreated message evokes the same emotions and carries the same implications in the target language as it does in the source language. Increasingly, transcreation is used in global marketing and advertising campaigns as advertisers seek to transcend the boundaries of culture and language. It also takes account of images which are used within a creative message, ensuring that they are suitable for the target local market.

Localization : Localization involves taking a product and making it linguistically and culturally appropriate to the target locale (country/region and language) where it will be used and sold." Localization must take the locale into consideration, for instant Castilian language (Spain) vs. Latin American Spanish. So Language localization differs from translation activity because it involves a comprehensive study of the target culture in order to correctly adapt the product to local needs. The localization process is most generally related to the cultural adaptation and translation of software,videogames and websites and less frequently to any written translation (which may also involve cultural adaptation processes)

Internationalization: Internationalization is a process which generalizes a software product (or website) so that redesign will not be necessary to enable it to handle multiple languages and cultural conventions. Internationalization takes place at the beginning of the program design and documentation development process. Separation of text from software source code is a critical aspect of internationalization. Moving translatable text, (the text that is visible to the user), into separate resource files prevents translators from changing or breaking the program code.

Globalization: The Localization Industry Standards Association (LISA) defines globalization as: "Globalization addresses the business issues associated with taking a product global. In the globalization of high-tech products this involves integrating localization throughout a company, after proper internationalization and product design, as well as marketing, sales and support in the world market." Globalization involves both internationalization and localization. The concept of globalization is frequently used in a sales or marketing concept, defining when a company moves beyond home/domestic markets and globalizes websites for ecommerce to pursue consumers and sales in targeted locales.

Website Translation: Website translation is also known as "Website Globalization". In order to truly "translate" a website into other languages you may need both Internationalization and Localization services.

Translation Memory: Translation memory (TM) technology allows translation teams to store and reuse both source and target language content for any translation project. Translators usually use translation memory tools in order to create and maintain multilingual glossaries and translation memories for clients.

Machine Translation: Machine translation (MT) is software that produces very raw, draft translations automatically. Machine translation software requires extensive upfront glossary development, strict adherence to controlled source language authoring and qualified translators to post-edit the raw translations that are produced in order to achieve acceptable quality.

Human Translation: is the translation process carried out by a human translator vs. a machine translator.